Policing Prostitution - Free Essay Example

Policing prostitution is a fairly difficult task. There have been many attempts to curtail the amount of prostitution in the United States, but most have taken away the civil liberties of many of those individuals. Furthermore, the tension that law enforcement, as well as pimps and traffickers, has made it that much more difficult for sex workers to come forward about crimes that may have been committed against them. This research paper focuses on some of the unfairness that individuals under the label of prostitution have been exhibited to, as well as the progress the nation has made in terms of making a fair playing field in terms of the law. Prostitution has consistently maintained a part of society throughout the existence of humanity. While the legality of prostitution is a highly subjective topic, the policing of the crime has come under scrutiny in recent years. The criminal justice system would do well to focus on legislation that helps protect the rights of prostitutes, hold law enforcement accountable for treatment of prostitutes, and continue its fight against human trafficking. Treatment of criminals has been on the forefront of American thought in recent years. Penelope Saunders and Jennifer Kirby, writers for Social Justice, detail their perceptions of Washington, D.C. law enforcements treatment of sex workers. Of the Acts that have been passed with D.C. involving sex workers, one of the provisions included a prostitution-free zone. This would keep men and women who are deemed by police as prostitutes from entering and traveling within these parts of the city. This would present obvious problems, and could give law enforcement too much power considering they would be limiting who would come in and out of certain areas. Furthermore it has been found that law enforcement does not always treat sex workers with the utmost fairness. In their treatment of people profiled as prostitutes, police far exceed their legal mandate, subjecting them to extortion, false arrest, illegal detention, and physical and sexual abuse (Saunders Kirby, 2010). The study conducted by Saunders and Kirby shows that there are two clear patterns when it comes to policing prostitution. First, police often stigmatize and dehumanize the prostitute as a kind of trash, social blight, and/or threat to public safety and order (Saunders Kirby, 2010). Second, the patterns of abuse displayed by law enforcement have not been random. A significant fear that the authors present is that if society begins to fear and restrain the civil liberties of prostitutes, how far would it go? This could lead down a slippery slope and curtail other criminals civil liberties. Secondly, they fear that their need for help from the police will be dismissed because of their status. If they are known as sex workers by law enforcement and they complain about a crime that has been committed against them, it is feared that they may not be treated seriously (Saunders Kirby, 2010). The fear itself is that the crimes, especially of the sexual nature, committed against them would b e in jeopardy of losing their importance because of their preoccupation with prostitution. It is accepted that crimes such as rape and sexual assault are very common across the United States. At the same time, they are some of the most under-reported crimes out there. Barbara Sullivan, writer for the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, details some interesting statistics involving sex workers. Sullivan notes that, for quite some time, if a sex worker were raped, it would not be considered as such. Instead, because they were a sex worker, they were automatically consenting to whomever it was that sexually assaulted them. The 1980s and 1990s saw a drift from this view, when men were finally beong tried for the rape of sex workers. However, there might be other reasons as to why a sex worker would not come forward about being sexually assaulted (Sullivan, 2007). Sex workers are less likely to come forward to law enforcement about being sexually assaulted than the average female. Among these reasons are the feelings of shame and powerlessness that present clear barriers to the reporting of these crimes (Sullivan, 2007). Furthermore, this decision can also be seen as a rational choice since perpetrators of sexual assault are very unlikely to be charged, let alone convicted, and that victims will often suffer significant negative consequences during and after a rape prosecution. Females, whether sex workers or just females in general, suffer from these societal entrapments. However, it has been shown that female sex workers are less likely than the average female to come forward about allegations. This is because of the fear that they will be arrested once they admit to police how the event transpired. Furthermore, they often feel as though, because of their line of work, that they will not be taken seriously (Sullivan, 2007). In recent years, the fight against prejudice involving sex workers has been fairly progressive. In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Canada rape law reform has at least limited the admissibility of evidence relating to a complainants sexual reputation and past sexual history (Sullivan, 2007). Indications have been pointing to a new age where the sexual history of an individual is not admissible in court. There have been many examples of this, for example, a woman was picked-up, brought to an abandoned establishment, and raped several times. The defense brought up the fact that she was charged with prostitution 10 years prior, but it was not deemed admissible by the judge. So as it stands, it would seem as though things are trending upward for the civil liberties of those who work as prostitutes. But one of the darker sides of prostitution lies in with the fact that many who are participating in this crime are a part of human trafficking (Sullivan, 2007). The act of sexual trafficking is defined as a situation where women or girls cannot change the immediate conditions of their existence; where, regardless of how they got into those conditions, they cannot get out; and where they are subject to sexual violence and exploitation (Nelson, 2002). On average, 45,000-50,000 women and children are brought into the United States for the purpose of trafficking. Often times, these females are given passports by their captors, but have them taken away once they have reached the United States. Because these women are practically left stranded and without money of their own, they are forced to participate in sexual work. Refusal to do so could lead to punishment from their captors. Furthermore, these women are treated harshly, and are often told if they do not comply, that they will be brought to the police and arrested. Obviously this can contribute to the lack of willingness for prostitutes to report to law enforcement (Nelson, 2002). One of the greatest steps forward that the United States has made in terms of alleviating sex trafficking is the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000. In essence, this Act was aimed at curtailing the amount of trafficking by establishing specific task forces, perfecting immigration services, and bringing in initiatives that may include programs for skills training and job counseling, programs to keep girls in elementary and secondary schools, and programs to educate victims of sex trafficking. The initiatives also include grants to nongovernmental organizations to advance womens political, economic, and educational roles in those countries (Nelson, 2002). While this is an excellent step, further progress legislatively is needed to help eradicate the problem of human trafficking. How law enforcement can approach the subject of prostitution is up for debate. Many people are divided on the morality of prostitution, while some believe it is more reprehensible, another side believes that it is not harmful to the people/government. This makes it especially difficult for some law enforcement who are tasked with upending the act itself. One of the proposed, but unlikely, solutions is to legalize the act all together. As of 2003, prostitution has been legal in New Zealand. The Prostitution Reform Act subjected the newly legalized industry to health and safety requirements and brothel certification processes; further, the Act authorized territorial authorities to regulate the location of brothels and oversee other related zoning requirements [] formed the Prostitution Law Review Committee, a committee of eleven members appointed by the Minister of Justice and charged with reviewing the effectiveness of the decriminalization scheme vis-a-vis its purpose: improving the working conditions of sex workers (Vanderbilt Law Review, 2018). This Act outlines some of the measures that the New Zealand government goes to in order to regulate the sex-work industry. But the question is, how effective was this decision? According to the Vanderbilt Law Review, the sex-workers who were locate inside of brothels (regulated by the government) were far less likely to experience crimes such as rape, abuse, or other illegal acts. Furthermore, the workers were now given sanitary conditions to work in, making it safer for the workers themselves. Because this act is fairly new, some of the data involving the negative or positive effects has not been fully fleshed out (Vanderbilt Law Review, 2018). But one of the largest concerns involving prostitution within the United States is the worry that legalized prostitution would be monopolized by pimps and the like. Bjam Hofmann and Morten Magelssen, writers for BMC Medical Ethics, detail a study taken on sex workers from Los Angeles, which found that only 6% of the workers had a pimp. While these numbers may have fluctuated since the time of this study, it is more than likely that most sex-workers in that area are not under a pimp (Hofmann Magelssen, 2018). However, any implementation of government regulated sex-work within the United States would take a number of years to perfect. The process would appear to be logistically more simple for New Zealand considering the size of the country itself. The criminal justice system would do well to focus on legislation that helps protect the rights of prostitutes, hold law enforcement accountable for treatment of prostitutes, and continue its fight against human trafficking. While prostitution remains a criminal activity, those that participate in it should be treated with the same rights as any other individual. While legislation and progress have been very positive in recent years, further changes seem to be on cusp of arriving. Bibliography Hofmann, B., Magelssen, M. (2018). In pursuit of goodness in bioethics: analysis of an exemplary article. BMC Medical Ethics. Nelson, K. E. (2002, Spring). Sex trafficking and forced prostitution: comprehensive new legal approaches. Houston Journal of International Law, 24(3), 551+ Saunders, P., Kirby, J. (2010). Move along: community-based research into the policing of sex work in Washington, D.C. Social Justice, 37(1), 107+. Sullivan, B. (2007, August). Rape, prostitution and consent. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 40(2), 127+. Trafficked in Texas: Combatting the Sex-Trafficking Epidemic Through Prostitution Law and Sentencing Reform in the Lone Star State. (2018, October). Vanderbilt Law Review.

Office Department Of Health And Human Services Agency

Kalamazoo County Department of Health and Human Services agency is the host to many assistance programs and services that aid in the advancement of our community. The organization was originally created in 1965 and was named â€Å"Department of Social Services† (Michigan.gov, 2017). In 1995 it was renamed â€Å"Family Independence Agency†; in April 2015, Governor Snyder decided that the Department of Human Services (DHS) would merge with the Department of Community Health (DCH) to create the Department of Health and Human Services. Hence the name Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) was born. The DHHS office â€Å"provides public assistance, child, and family welfare services, and oversees health policy and management†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This form assesses the potential foster families on whether or not they are equipped to take care of children. The beginning of the 3120-A gives information on the potential foster parent such as date of birth and whether there is a legal relationship between the adult and child in care. The form also discusses whether or not there are any additional member(s) of the household that needs clearance during the background check. The next section of the 3130 is information on the potential foster families criminal history and whether they are on the central registry for crimes against children. This assessment also requires the worker to get more details if criminal history exists and whether or not this can potentially prohibit direct placement. The next portion of the assessment goes into a description of the home. During this portion of the questionnaire, the worker and potential family will tour the home. The worker will make a notation on rooms condition, layout, and appearance of the home. During this time the worker will also discuss and review potential safety hazards, this can include weapons in the home, medications, and pets. If any of the following are in the home the worker will discuss a plan of action to ensure the safety of the child in the home. Financial and employment status is also assessed in addition to notifying the potential family that there is hardly financial gain in fostering children. This also lets the worker know the source of income,Show MoreRelatedPublic Managing Competing Agendas : The United States Department Of Health And Human Services Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesStates Department of Health and Human Services is an organization which plays an essential role within the policy issues concerning the Healthcare Reform Act. The Department of Health and Human Services goal is to protect the health of all Americans. Thus for providing adequate and essential human services, especially for those who are incapable of doing so for themselves. Throughout this essay, one will examine the organizational structure and departments of the U.S. Department of Health and HumanRead MoreRegulatory Agency Paper 4301485 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Regulatory Agency Paper HCS/430 April 20, 2015, 2015 Katrina Sullivan Regulatory Agency Paper Option 1: Health Care Segment When people think of health care, they often think up images from their own experiences in doctors offices, clinics, and hospitals. Then there are the images of intense drama and hustling and bustling in hospitals and emergency rooms such as those presentedRead MoreEssay on Regulatory Agency1189 Words   |  5 PagesRegulatory Agency Paper University of Phoenix HCS 430 Legal Issues in Healthcare: Regulation and Compliance June 8, 2008 The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is one of the many agencies that handle an array of healthcare departments as well as research. The DHHS caters to citizens of all nationalities, race, and ethnicities. 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Goffman s Functionalist Sociological Approach - 1469 Words

Sociological approaches are â€Å"systematic, sceptical and critical study of the social. It studies the way people do things together†. (Macionis and Plummer 2012) It also â€Å"goes beyond everyday common sense by using systematic methods of empirical observation and theories† (Boundless [online] 2015). I will be using Goffman’s functionalist sociological approach of Dramaturgy to understand human life and to analyse my first few weeks of university. Goffman’s sociology is â€Å"concerned with everyday life, in particular with showing the tenuous nature of social life.†(Smart, n.d) His theory is based on symbolic interactionalism and used widely to look at micro sociological accounts of social interactions which occur in day to day life. Over my first few weeks at university I noticed a wide range of social practices and observed people handing unfamiliar situations as well as experiencing them first hand myself. Therefore I felt that taking the functionalist approach of dramaturgy was a relevant and fitting theory to explain an approach to understanding both human and university life and the presentation of self in society. Functionalist Erving Goffman studies the sociological approach of Dramaturgy in his book ‘The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’ (Goffman, 1959), he built his theory based on earlier work completed by Kenneth Burke. However there are distinct differences in features of the theory between Burke and Goffman as Burke believed that life was in fact a literalShow MoreRelatedThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1305 Words   |  6 PagesConcept note: Dramaturgy The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982), was initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain social interaction and social roles. Like actors in a play, people play roles, working together to up hold various social realities and functional institutions such as work, school, home, medical, legal or leisure. Key components of this theory are ‘front and back’Read MoreSocial Theories and Prostitution2468 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many sociological theories that can be used to explain prostitution in modern society. Two such theories are functionalism and symbolic interaction. Many people feel that prostitution may be an immoral act however, from a functionalist perspective there are social needs that are being filled through prostitution. Both social actors are gaining through the engagement of prostitution. Another sociologi cal perspective; symbolic interactionism; focuses on the interaction that occurs betweenRead MoreThe Main Principles Of Functionalism1429 Words   |  6 Pageslearned to adapt by adopting the nuclear family structure. This typically consisted of a mother, father and two children. 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A graduate of the University of Chicago, Becker is viewed as a component of the second Chicago School of Sociology, which likewise incorporates Erving Goffman, and Anselm. Becker first analyzes howRead MoreHow useful is ‘structural functionalism’ or ‘society as an organism’ as theoretical frameworks in considering the problem of ‘death’ as a sociological1775 Words   |  8 Pagesare sociological theories in which society is conceived of as a total structure made of functioning parts: this is structural functionalism. Rigney (2001: 17) describes structural functionalism as follows: â€Å"society is a system of independent parts working together to produce a vital functioning whole†. For example, as there are many roles played in society, good and bad, it can be likened to a theatre, in which our life is one big stage with many different parts being and acted out (Goffman, 1969)

When Taking Theology And Ethics - 1584 Words

Before taking Theology and Ethics, I was a firm believer of the Lord, but I had never once thought in different ways to interpret him or his word. I had taken religion classes in my church while in high school, and we were never told or asked to think of how we interpret God s word as I have in my theology class. That is a mistake made by many churches and the church classes for students that they offer. What they tend to do is stuff information down the people s throats instead of explaining different ways of understanding God in their own unique way. I know that’s what happened to me while I was in church classes. I was only told information and forced to participate even though I didn’t fully understand God. It was not until I went to a church retreat where I felt God, and it was a feeling I had never experienced before, it was a new discovery for me. The point is that I didn’t feel God in class, because that was not the teachers job. The teacher s job is to educate us on the Lord so we can be ready to pass a test at the end of the class, the goal should be for the students to understand and find God. I m still surprised how I had never thought nor learned of breaking down the holy trinity. I was taught what the Holy Trinity was, but I never went beyond knowing it was the father, the son, and the holy spirit. I had never opened my eyes to the things this theology class has questioned of me and make me pounder on. One of the most interesting things that made meShow MoreRelatedI Am A Student In The Master Of Divinity Program At Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary,1325 Words   |  6 PagesGod, and has established a desire to further explore theology in the academy. Therefore, I am applying to the Master of Theological Studies program, with a desire to focus on Theology and Ethics. I am seeking admission into this program to further my growth as a scholar and researcher of theology in the context of western media. 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Hypertension And The Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Title: Salt Restriction in Hypertension and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Affiliation: Medical University of the Americas Author: Asma Islam 59-55 47th Ave Apt. 9C Woodside NY, 11377 1(347) 679- 6942 iislamasma2@aol.com Mentor: Dr. Sandeep Kacker Article Word Count: 5, 690 Hypothesis: Dietary sodium reduction aids in preventing future cardiovascular disease in those with hypertension Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................3-4 Introduction.....................................................................................................................5-7†¦show more content†¦Key words were used as a way to search for studies. Studies that were outdated, had subjects with comorbidities or had inconclusive results were excluded. The articles chosen focused specifically on just salt restriction and its effects throughout the vasculature. The studies included randomized control studies, cohort studies, and meta analyses. Results: A look into several studies showed positive effects on various aspects that eventually lead to reduced cardiovascular disease. Large elastic artery compliance increased with salt reduction interventions. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis decreased on rats that were put on a reduced salt diet. Endothelial damage, a major indicator of cardiovascular disease, was shown to be reduced through salt restriction. A meta-analysis found that long term sodium reduction lowered risk of cardiovascular disease in both hypertensives and normotensives. Conclusion: Through the various studies it is obvious to see that something as small as altering the amount of salt eaten daily can aid in reducing future incidences and costs of not only high blood pressure but also incidences of cardiovascular diseases. Abstract Word Count: 202 Keywords: hypertension, salt restriction, age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, salt sensitive, salt resistant, resistant hypertension, renin, angiotensin Ultramini Abstract: This paper takes a look into scholarly articles

What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised for Dummies

What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised for Dummies What You Should Do to Find Out About What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised Before You're Left Behind They taught me that even should you not win, sometimes it's still true that you succeed. Where you will go and exactly what you will do isn't quite as essential as what you will make of the chance to have this kind of experience. They literally learned that their principal function was supposed to serve. You wish to devote your life bringing together different sorts of people in whatever capacity, and you know that delicious food always has the choice to bring various kinds of people together for a nice time. I'd like to create new devices that could help people and be eco friendly. All this is a consequence of being over-controlled as a kid. If you're black, you're likely to experience institutional structures differently than if you're white. The very first mammals and tiny dinosaurs, including ple siosaurs, appeared on the scene. Introducing What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised Deciding on a health profession calls for a proper and permanent commitment and complete attention in the learning period. My very first performance was in the start of high school. I began to cultivate my abilities. I am anticipating completing my education when possible so that I should be in a position to begin my dream career. What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised Fundamentals Explained To begin with, I'll provide you a few pointers on expanding your idea into an essay-worthy story, then talk somewhat about ways to draft and polish your private statement. But there's a very great reason you've come to this guide. Imagine yourself telling the story of every one of these experiences to someone who would like to get to know you. I am really very good at doing my job and have a fantastic commitment to it. What You Don't Know About What Was the Environment in Which Y ou Were Raised You could write your essay about a particular tradition or event in a community, and the reason it's important to who you have become. I'd like to study and get increased education to make my contribution on earth development. Culture defines what's cool and what's out of fashion. However, as we grow older, we slowly start to discover there are different cultures out there which exist. Here's What I Know About What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised My mother has, for quite a long time, been involved with a number of non-profit organizations. You may not find that now, you may not have the ability to see it by being picked on at school or feeling insecure, but you're more than that, so long as you believe in yourself. To put it differently, as you might suspect that there's something off with your parents, you truly feel ashamed to consider about them in such a way, and you are inclined to begin beating yourself up instead. During our formative decad es, our parents have the best quantity of influence in our lives. The letters are optional, but I recommend you take whole benefit of all facets of the application for the two scholarships and admissions purposes. Focusing on a single subject will unquestionably be the way to choose this essay. The essential essays depend on which application you opt to apply with. Writing the college application essay is a challenging gig. Details of What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised Describe the surroundings in which you were raised your family members, home, neighborhood, or community and the way it influenced the individual you are today. I really like my neighborhood, and it's the ideal neighborhood I could ever have. The 1 idea my whole community seemed to agree on was that success must be accomplished whatsoever costs. Be specific here, as it could be cliche to just say I would like to change and repair the world or I learned that my loved ones and neighborhood love m e. A Secret Weapon for What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised It is true your surroundings including the people that you surround yourself with are crucial to how an individual grows throughout their life. If you prefer those things you'll have those things, you simply can't give up, even when life appears to be unfair. Above all, you ought to be in a position to describe how it has changed you from the type of person you were to the better person which you are now. Think of the experience that you wish to write about. Put them away for a day or two in order to create a tiny mental space. 2 minutes is longer than you believe! Retake the tests, have a class, and practice to have that score! What Was the Environment in Which You Were Raised - the Conspiracy Undoubtedly this question can provoke a wide array of emotions and memories, based on what you experienced as a kid. Not just by their accent, but additionally by their vocabulary. We are going to talk mor e later about other things that can assist your admission chances if you're on the bubble. These days, we're likely to discuss the 3 key essay prompts, Topics A, B, and C, and the way you should consider your responses to them. The important point here is going to be to keep it focused on you. You deserve to live a great life, a life where you're happy, a life in which you know where you're able to afford to do things since you worked hard to be where you're. Now you have all of the choices on earth. Instead, this procedure is done to assist you comprehend the main cause of any pain you're still experiencing, to learn to release this, and to move forward with your life. You're more than the addictions. They taught me the way to stay focused, even if your competitors are strong and you might not win. Just take both tests to get the very best chance!! You can accomplish this, you can do so, you can do almost anything you desire. You've got to want to better yourself, you need to want to learn from your mistakes and you've got to want to turn into successful. I have not ever given up on anything I have ever attempted. Since you cannot find the completed recommendation letters, use someone you're confident will choose the opportunity to compose a constructive and well-thought out letter. When you're writing about yourself, be sure that you include words that explain the emotions you're feeling at several sections of the story. Especially with regard to self-esteem. I also have learned to stay calm in the face of highly unusual conditions. It isn't in any respect surprising that people who come from a controlling and otherwise abusive environment develop the exact same tendencies. Individuals who possess controlling tendencies are controlled before. You're more than the fights.

Bernard Moss Communication Skills for Health and Social Care

Question: Describe about the Bernard Moss Communication Skills for Health and Social Care? Answer: Introduction Communication is considered as one of the most significant in the health and social care contexts. The communication between the health care practitioners and the service user needs to be more frequent and transparent in order to understand each other. In this present genre, it has been seen that people are usually complaining about the ineffective communication between the health care practitioners and the services users. The doctors and the nurses are taking the photographs of the patients and without asking them uploading these photographs to the social media sites. Such of the lack of communication is making the patients feels embarrassed. The report obtained from the media publication is representing the irrelevant attitude of the practitioners in the health care setting with the elderly patients. It is evident that the effective relationship building with the patient is necessary for acquiring the idea about the health problem they have been facing. The patient usually looks fo r the reliability once they visit any health care center. However, the case study is based on the 35 year age woman Anna, who have been suffering from stroke one morning. Whenever she was taken to the hospital, the doctor started accusing her for being drunk and wasting the time. Application of the relevant theories of Communication to health and social care It is to be noted that the maintenance of the effective communication process in health and social care settings needs the application of relevant theories. Such of these relevant communication theories are the humanistic theory, cognitive theory, behaviorist theory, and psychoanalytical theory. Humanistic Theory: The Humanistic communication theory is applied for achieving the positive attitude and approaches while communicating with the health care service users. This theory is assured as the vulnerable way of treating the patients with positive attitude. In this case, it has been seen that though Anna had been facing several difficulties, the doctor did not respond in a positive way. In fact, the doctor accused her for assuming that she was drunk. This is not a proper way of applying the humanistic theory for the communication. Cognitive Theory: This type of theory is applied for the recognition of the actual status of the patients health. If the practitioners are aware of the health situation of the patients, it will be possible to provide the required medication and treatment to the patient. However, in this case, the doctor could not recognize the health status of Anna, which made the doctor apprehend that she was drunk and therefore, he accused her for wasting his time. The health care center did not apply the cognitive theory in fact. Behaviorist Theory: This theory is applied when two people are communicating with each other and finding the way to resolve the problem by recognizing the action, thoughts, and feelings. The monitoring of the behavior is thus effective enough for justifying the health status of the patients. The case study reflects the lack of such communication process of the doctor and the nurse with Anna and they even failed to recognize her health status. Recommendation: It is evident that the recognition of the health problem is very much important for the health care practitioners. If they are unable to establish the transparent communication process while communicating with the patients, it will be difficult for them to understand the actual health status. As per the cases study, the miscommunication made the doctor unrecognizable of the health condition of Anna. If the skilled communication process would have taken place and the practitioner could communicate with the patient, it would have been easier for them to provide the proper treatment and medication to the patient. Therefore, it is very much important for the health care professionals to establish a good communicational skill before diagnosing the problem. Shannons model of communication: The model is considering few steps, which are as follows: Figure 1: Shannons Model 1. The information source is assuring the creation of the message. 2. The information source sends the message and the destination receives it. 3. Transmitter is used as an instrument for capturing the signals. 4. Signal is considered as the channel flow. 5. Channel is representing container of the air, electricity, or radio waves. 6. Noise is taken as the secondary signal for carrying the focus. 7. Receiver is used as the telephonic instrument to get the information 8. Destination is referred to the person who execute the process by receiving the message. Using the communication skills in Health and Social care context It is to be noted that the communication process is considered as the mutual process undertaken by sender and the receiver. The communication skills are assuring the different requirements, which include listening, reflecting, questioning, explanation, paraphrasing, mentoring, summarizing, and consultation. The effective listening skills are applied when one person saying something and the other is listening to understand the situation. In relation with this particular case, the doctor did not listen to the patient Anna and did not understand her health condition. Instead of listening to Annas husband, the doctor started accusing Anna of being drunk. It is to be noted that good listening skills are effective enough in understanding the situation. If the doctor is unable to recognize the situation of the patients, it will be very much difficult for them to facilitate the relevant treatment. In this cases study, the doctor did not maintain any kind of skills mentioned above; rather he prescribed the irrelevant medication for the health situation of Anna. If the doctors can research more from the social media sites, or the YouTube sites by communicating with the experts, it will be relevant for them to get the training for treating the patients. Reviewing method of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication The interpersonal communication is applied for sharing the views among the different professionals. If the practitioners were not maintaining the effective communication skills, it would be impossible for the patient to express their requirements and to make them aware of the problems they face . In considering the entire rules of the health care centers, it is necessary to follow the effective process of interpersonal communicational for achieving the satisfactory level of the service user. In concerning the welfare of the service users, the interpersonal communication is very much helpful for sharing views. The enhancements of the interpersonal communication skill are facilitating the dealings with the associations where the interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and listening processes are required. One of the most relevant interpersonal theories that is apt for this particular case study is the social exchange theory. The case study is following the misinterpretation o f the doctor after watching Annas condition. Since, she was unable to express, the doctor blamed her as a drunker without diagnosing her. The signs and the indications were prominently describing her health illness. Analysis of the use of the strategies for supporting users of Health and Social Care It is very much indicative that the recognition of the specific needs is very much important for determining the fulfillment of the requirements. The overcome of the barriers is very much required for understanding the health status. People with different disabilities, such as mental disabilities, visual disabilities, and physical disabilities are needed to be understood for the future treatments. The specific methods of interacting with these patients and understanding their body language are effective enough for the relevant treatment. If the practitioners are unaware of the requirements of the patients, they cannot provide the proper and relevant care. It is thus helpful enough in eliminating the mistakes and resolving the anxieties accordingly. The use of the signed languages is thus effective enough to understand the problem more specifically. In this case, Anna made several body languages for not being able to speak. Unfortunately, the doctor did not understand her disability a nd misinterpreted her condition. Therefore, it can be inferred that in this case study, there is no application of the relevant strategies. Various factors influencing the communication process in health and social care It is to be noted that the culture and customs are very much important for the health and social care. The human transmitted efforts of the teachers, parents, and societies are influencing such process more specifically. The health care professionals thus firstly need to respect the culture of the patients while they are visiting the health care center. In this case, the doctor and the nurse failed to understand the condition of Anna. In fact, the behaviour of the doctor was not justified in considering the cultural factors. The facial expression of the doctor was one of the feelings of disgusted. The other body language was not even very much relevant in considering the health care scenarios. Therefore, the inactive verbal and non-verbal approaches of the health care practitioners in this case were not so much appropriate and the influence of such factors was inappropriate too. Effectiveness of the legislations, codes of practices, and charters on communication process of health and social care As a health care practitioner, one must follow several legislations and the code of practices for providing the effective treatment to the patients. As per the Equality act 2010, the patients have the right to receive the gentle care. Even the health care center has to follow such legislations in considering the human rights. The appropriate training process given to the staffs is very much required for understanding such purposes. On the other hand, the poor understanding law, which is considering the disempowerment of service user, which can be used against the reputation of the Care Units of Health and Society center. The implementation of such laws and regulations can bring the positive changes in the Care Units of Health and Society centers. The effectiveness of Organizational system and policies in promoting good practices Every health and social care center has to ensure the proper system of managing and organizing the promotions of the good practices. Especially, the staffs need to learn the practices while dealing with the service users. Every health care practitioner has to overcome the professional obligation for determining the effective treatment for the patients. The case study is reflecting the ineffective maintenance of such practices. The behaviour of the doctor and the nurse was unjustified towards Anna. It is even reflecting that lack of the practices while communicating with the family of the service users. The process of monitoring, training and the evaluation of the codes of practices will be therefore relevant for facilitating the good practices in the health and social care centers. Suggestions of the ways for the improvisation of the communication process The improvisation of the communication process includes several ways of treating the patients. The effective communication can only be built if the practitioners are listening to the problems of the service users and understanding more relevantly. Sometimes the service users cannot express their problems due to the illness of health. In such cases, the practitioners have to understand the body language and the facial expression for understanding the probable and suitable treatment for that particular service user. If the doctor could understand the body language and the indication of Anna, she would not be diagnosed with irrelevant health issues. Therefore, it is very much important to acquire the relevant skills for understanding the body language of the patients. Use of the Standard Communication Technology in health and social care In the health and social care setting, the use of the ICT tool is very much significant for improving the quality of the services that are needed to be provided to the patients. Spot vital sign is the main ICT tool, which is used in the health care centers. The practitioners can measure the blood pressure, temperature rate, pulse beat rate, and other required measurement. In case of emergency, the doctor can check the pulse rate of the patient using the Spot Vital sign technology. The measurement will be ensuring the exact health problem that the patent is facing. The measurement of the blood pressure can be helpful for initiating the proper therapy that can be prescribed for the survival before the real treatment will start. The benefits of using the ICT software in Health and Social Care The use of the ICT tools is very much beneficial for the health and social care centers. When any service user is visiting the health center, the basic care can be provided by using such tools. The spot vital signs software is helpful for checking the blood pressure, temperature of the body, etc. This basic treatment can be provided to the patients. The general practitioners and the practitioners of hospitals can use such tools in case of emergency. It is therefore helpful for survival of the patent in major health issues. The staffs can note down the temperature and blood pressure rate for delivering the information to the doctors. The effectiveness of the legal consideration in using the ICT tools in health and social care centers It is to be indicated that implementation of the different legislations for the use of ICT tools is very much significant. As per the Health and Safety act 1974, it is to be ensured that the service users are needed to be provided the basic treatment in case of emergency. In fact, the Work Equipment Regulation 1998 is assuring the use of the high quality equipment for treating the patients. It has been seen that the repetitive strain injury can create the problems in limbs. Therefore, the implementation of Upper Limb Disorder policy would be effective enough for the health care centers in recognizing the relevant process of providing the appropriate treatment to the patients. The laws and the policies are thus counted as most relevant ways for securing the treatment that is needed to be provided to the service users. Conclusion The entire study is reflecting the necessity of implementing the effective communication skills in the health and social care settings. As per the case, the doctor did not maintain the proper way of communication when Anna visited the health care center. The application of legal policies, procedures, ICT tools and relevant communication theories is very much important for providing the effective treatment to the patients. In fact, the training purposes are also signified for the effective treatment providing to the health care professionals as well as the staffs. Reference Brighton, H, 'Review: Bernard Moss Communication Skills for Health and Social Care London: SAGE, 2007, 207pp., 19.99, ISBN 97814129'. in Journal of Social Work, 10, 2010, 126-127. Canty, R, 'Communication Skills in Health and Social Care, 2nd Edition'. in Australian Journal of Primary Health, 19, 2013, 88. 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Testa, D, 'Communication Skills for Health Care and Social Care'. in Australian Social Work, 63, 2010, 362-363. Uyanne, M, O Oti, 'The Influence of Socio-cultural Domains on Communication'. in African Research Review, 6, 2012. Chaturvedi, S, 'Combating corruption in health care organizations: Methods, tools, and good practices'. in Astrocyte, 1, 2014, 150. Hannigan, B, N Evans, 'Critical junctures in health and social care: Service user experiences, work and system connections'. in Soc Theory Health, 11, 2013, 428-444. Lynch, S, 'Health System Factors Affecting Communication with Pediatricians: Gendered Work Culture in Primary Care'. in Social Work in Public Health, 26, 2011, 672-694. Kowalchuk, L, 'Mobilizing Resistance to Privatization: Communication Strategies of Salvadoran Health-Care Activists'. in Social Movement Studies, 10, 2011, 151-173. Pearson, C, 'New and innovative ways of working in health and social care'. in Journal of Care Services Management, 5, 2011, 75-78. Testa, D, 'Communication Skills for Health Care and Social Care'. in Australian Social Work, 63, 2010, 362-363. Ponte, C, 'Improving communication in the health care setting'. in American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 68, 2011, 666-667. Mohammad, 'The Level of Satisfaction of the Health Services Offered by the Comprehensive Health Care Center'. in Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 2011, 516-520. Meeks, J, 'A Social Work Case Management Experience in a Managed Care Setting: The Need for Effective Communication'. in Home Health Care Management Practice, 13, 2001, 444-451. Brighton, H, 'Review: Bernard Moss Communication Skills for Health and Social Care London: SAGE, 2007, 207pp., 19.99, ISBN 97814129'. in Journal of Social Work, 10, 2010, 126-127. Canty, R, 'Communication Skills in Health and Social Care, 2nd Edition'. in Australian Journal of Primary Health, 19, 2013, 88. Forrest, S, 'Health and Social Care Education'. in Healthand Social Care Education, 2, 2013, 1-2. Jackson, C, 'Reforming Health Care to Transform an Ineffective System'. in Holistic Nursing Practice, 26, 2012, 293-296. Lovell, B, R Lee, C Brotheridge, 'Interpersonal factors affecting communication in clinical consultations'. in International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 25, 2012, 467-482. Nicholas, D, K Fellner, D Koller, K Fontana Chow, L Brister, 'Evaluation of Videophone Communication for Families of Hospitalized Children'. in WSHC, 50, 2011, 215-229. Uyanne, M, O Oti, 'The Influence of Socio-cultural Domains on Communication'. in African Research Review, 6, 2012.